Gynaecomastia means enlargement of breast gland tissue in men. It differs from enlargement caused mainly by fatty tissue, also known as pseudogynaecomastia. Both can occur together.
Possible causes include hormonal changes, medicines and certain medical conditions. Medical assessment therefore comes before aesthetic treatment. A new change, particularly one that is one-sided, hard or painful, or discharge from the nipple should be examined promptly.
Treatment depends on the cause, duration and extent of the enlargement. Surgery may involve removing gland tissue and using liposuction to reduce fatty deposits; a lift may be needed if there is substantial excess skin. Scars, asymmetry and changes in sensation are possible. Seeking advice early does not automatically prevent scarring.